SearchRecent comments
Democracy LinksMember's Off-site Blogs |
awaiting the white smoke....Eighty-nine. That’s the magic number. It will take at least 89 cardinals to elect Pope Francis’ successor. [The author has returned to UCA News after a year away]. That’s the two-thirds supermajority of the 133 men who will enter the Sistine Chapel on 7 May for the largest conclave in history. It would have been even larger had two other cardinal-electors not been too ill to participate. Pope Francis' parting gift to the Church: a messy conclave
Francis was widely popular throughout the world, even if some vocal groups of more traditional-leaning and rules-oriented Catholics, especially the men who make up the clergy, viewed him as causing confusion and not enforcing longstanding doctrine. But what about this group of cardinal electors? Are there 89 among them who will vote for a man who believes the Church should continue boldly and prophetically on the path of openness and renewal that the world’s first Jesuit pope set forth — often in unpredictable, non-conventional, and disruptive ways — during his 12 years in office? Or will they want someone more cautious and closely tethered to institutional protocols, even if he shares the overall vision that the late pope championed for the Church’s future? These two essential questions constitute the referendum that the cardinal-electors will begin voting on the afternoon of 7 May, as they face the arduous task of choosing the 267th Bishop of Rome. But before they assemble under Michelangelo’s imposing fresco of the Last Judgment, they will join with the entire College of Cardinals (including those over the age of 80 who cannot vote) for a morning Eucharistic liturgy in St Peter’s Basilica. This “Mass for the election of the Roman Pontiff” (Missa pro eligendo Romano Pontifice) will be led by Italian Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, the college’s 91-year dean who also presided over the late pope’s funeral. It is expected that he will, once again, as he did at the funeral, urge the voting cardinals to continue along the ways of Francis. The Roman Curia ‘bloc’ But it is not certain they will follow this lifelong curia official’s advice. In the pre-conclave meetings leading up to the conclave, a retired papal diplomat, who was thought to be a key supporter of Francis’ agenda, criticised a central aspect of the late pope’s Vatican reforms, according to various media reports. During a pre-conclave meeting this past week, Cardinal Benjamin Stella, 83, fiercely attacked the pope’s legislation allowing lay people to hold top jobs in the Roman Curia. Just months after his election as pope, Francis tapped Stella, then head of the Holy’s See’s elite academy to train Holy See diplomats, to head the then-Congregation for the Clergy. The late pope chose this Northern Italian from the Veneto region presumably for his level-headedness and distinguished diplomatic career. Stella had served as papal nuncio (Vatican ambassador) in countries of the Global South such as Colombia, Cuba, and two African nations. He was in the very first group of cardinals Francis created in early 2014 and was considered a trusted aide. The retired cardinal’s rebuke of Francis, therefore, is highly significant, especially since it is acknowledged he is fully backing the papal election of Cardinal Pietro Parolin, the former Secretary of State who also hails from the Veneto. Stella’s intervention is also significant on a more subtle and less frequently discussed level – the number of present or former Vatican officials who are voting cardinals. There are at least 33, about a dozen of whom have served in the Holy See’s diplomatic corps. While being careful not to over-generalise, these cardinals with experience working in the Church’s central offices (even those who have been staunch supporters of Pope Francis) were not always comfortable with the often chaotic (and some say “despotic”) way the late pope governed, especially by routinely sidelining his aides in the curia. Admittedly, not all of them will choose a safer, more institutionally anchored candidate. The more recent curia appointments, for instance, appear to be solidly behind Francis. Among this bloc of 33 are several former Vatican officials, including men like Cardinal Joseph Tobin of Newark, NJ, a former No. 2 official of the Vatican office for consecrated life. However, even such backers of the late pope may feel inclined to seek a Francis-type candidate who demonstrates greater institutional discipline. ‘Hacer lio’: the late pope’s penchant for shaking things up and making a mess This is an extremely difficult papal sweepstakes to handicap, mostly because of a wildcard the late pope threw into the race – that is, the significant number of electors who come from far-flung places where there has never been cardinals. These men are not well-known. Some come from mission territories or Church backwaters (“peripheries” in the Francis lexicon) where the Catholic population is miniscule (like Algeria, Morocco, Tonga, Mongolia and Iran), while those in other countries are heads of “lesser important dioceses” rather than archdioceses (like Milan or Los Angeles) that have traditionally been led by cardinals. They are not well-known even among themselves. In 10 consistories over the course of his 12-year-long pontificate, Pope Francis appointed just over 80% of the 133 men who will choose his successor. But during those 12 years, he called the entire College of Cardinals together for only two meetings – one in 2014, during his first consistory, and one in 2022. Since that last gathering, another 37 more cardinals have been added to the body of electors. The pope, who often encouraged young people not to be afraid to shake things up or make a mess (hacer lio in Spanish), has pretty much done exactly that through the unconventional way he chose the papal electors and then never promoted opportunities for them to familiarise themselves with each other’s thoughts and personalities. Who will be the next pope? Predicting Pope Francis’ successor is a fool’s errand, especially for someone who has never picked a winner. However, a few criteria, besides being a baptised male, seem necessary for becoming the Bishop of Rome – the pope’s most important (not humblest!) title from which all others follow and on which they depend. First of all, it is essential that the pope has at least a fairly good command of Italian. Not only is he Bishop of Rome, but he also heads the universal Church’s central bureaucracy in Vatican City. It may be an independent state, but the Vatican is a tiny island within Rome. And Italian is the working language of this entity. By the way, it is also the working language of the conclave and the pre-conclave meetings. Other than that, it is up to the cardinal-electors to decide who has the right stuff to be pope. Many believe Francis set a very high bar (evidenced by his widespread global popularity) and leaves large shoes to fill. However, the cardinals may see the bar as too high and the shoes as too big. Therefore, they may be tempted to opt for a pope who is very different, one who has a very different personality and is poised to pursue different priorities, even if not fully reversing Francis’ course. In this case, the old metaphor, “after a fat pope comes a skinny pope”, (which has little or nothing to do with actual body weight!) might hold true. And if there are more closeted conservatives or contrarians like Cardinal Stella in the ranks of the electors, we could see someone different than the late pope on the balcony of St Peter’s Basilica after the white smoke billows from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel. However, this could be a dangerous path if the new man lacks the warmth and earthiness of Francis. In any case, all 133 voting cardinals are candidates to be the next pope, but here are just five of them that many Vatican-watchers are highlighting: Cardinal Pietro Parolin The 70-year-old Italian has been Secretary of State since nearly the start of the last pontificate. He is a solid institutional figure, moderate in his theological views, who has long been recognised as one of the Vatican’s most skilled diplomats. This positions him as an intriguing candidate for these increasingly fraught geopolitical times. However, he lacks personal charisma and pastoral experience. In a post-Vatican II Church, will the cardinals in the peripheries and those who lead local Churches select someone who has never served as a diocesan bishop or a parish priest? Cardinal Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle A warm and affable Filipino who will be 68 in June, “Chito” (as he likes to be called) is sometimes tagged the “Asian Francis”. That’s not a bad calling card if his fellow cardinals look to keep the momentum of the current pontificate at full speed ahead. However, this positive could also be a negative. Tagle is a theologian in the pro-Vatican II mould and became a bishop in 2001 at 44. Benedict XVI appointed him Archbishop of Manila 10 years later and then made him a cardinal in 2012. Francis brought Tagle to the Vatican at the end of 2019 to head Propaganda Fide, the dicastery for evangelisation. He has many fans, but also a number of detractors. Some believe he may be too weak to manage the complexity and sometimes rough-and-tumble world of the Roman Curia. Nonetheless, he’d likely be a compelling face and icon of the Church to the outside world. Cardinal Péter Erdő The Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest is recognised as a top-notch canon lawyer and a trusted churchman by the more doctrinally conservative and traditional-minded quarters of the Church. He will be 73 in June, which many consider to be within the perfect age range for the next pope. The Hungarian, who speaks Italian extremely well, has been elected twice by his peers as president of the Council of European Bishops’ Conference. He proudly wears the mantle of Church “moderate”, while studiously concealing his much more conservative leanings. He has carefully refrained from publicly criticising Francis. Many of his peers, even those with vastly different theological views, give him high marks for his graciousness. However, he has never sparked a mass outpouring of affection from the Hungarian clergy or people, despite his more than 21 years as the country’s leading bishop and cardinal. A big question is whether the non-European cardinals are ready to elect someone from the Old Continent again. Pierbattista Pizzaballa OFM The Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem recently turned 60, an age many believe is too young at which to be pope. However, this Italian Franciscan, who has spent most of his religious life in Jerusalem, is a compelling figure, especially since he comes from the very city and region where the “Jesus movement” began more than 2000 years ago. A former head of the Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land, Pizzaballa was named administrator of the overwhelmingly arabophile Latin Patriarchate in 2016, despite being a fluent Hebrew speaker with minimal facility in Arabic. His main job was to solve longstanding financial problems and improprieties. After deftly completing the task, many believed he would be put in charge of a major Italian archdiocese like Milan. Instead, Pope Francis named him patriarch in 2020 and gave him a red hat three years later. He has been a voice of peace and reason during the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian war. And even the so-called moderate-conservatives like him, viewing him as more traditional and progressive. But his age may disqualify him. As some cardinals at the 1958 conclave said of Giuseppe Siri, their 52-year-old Italian confrere who was highly touted to succeed Pius XII, “We’re looking for a Holy Father, not an Everlasting Father!” Cardinal Matteo Zuppi The 69-year-old Archbishop of Bologna is also mentioned as a leading Italian candidate. A bicycle-riding parish priest from Rome, who has been part of the Sant’Egidio Community since his teenage years, Zuppi is president of the Italian Episcopal Conference. He was favoured by Pope Francis, who used him as an envoy to try and end the ongoing war in Ukraine since Russia’s invasion of its neighbour. However, like Erdő and Parolin (and even Pizzaballa to some extent), will the cardinals want to elect a pope from Europe? And now here are two cardinals who could be “the pope we didn’t see coming”: Cristóbal López Romero SDB It’s probably unfair to put this Spanish-born Salesian of Don Bosco in a list of dark horses because he’s become a noticeable presence for a number of reasons, not least his participation in the Synod assemblies in Rome. His impressive resumé includes pastoral work for most of his adult life in South America (Paraguay and Bolivia). Cardinal López also spent several years (2003-11) doing pastoral and professional formation in Morocco where he would return in early 2018 after Pope Francis appointed him Archbishop of Rabat. Especially since becoming a cardinal in 2019, López has made a deep and positive impression on many, including leaders of the Muslim world, with whom he has collaborated on various religious and social projects. A polyglot with a warm and disarming personality, the lightly bearded and smiling cardinal is considered even by the more traditional cardinals to be institutionally reliable. He went to study at a Salesian seminary at 11 and made his first profession to the religious community when he was only 16. If that is not part of the institutional Church, it’s hard to say what is. Cardinal Albert Malcom Ranjith Patabendige Don Known simply as Malcom Ranjith in Roman circles, the 77-year-old Archbishop of Colombo (Sri Lanka) is considered by many to be too conservative and, perhaps, even too old. However, few among the cardinal-electors and candidates have a resumé that ticks all the boxes of the various voting blocs: he’s Asian, a former top Vatican Curia official, a former papal nuncio, and has 26 years experience as a diocesan bishop. Ranjith was ordained as a priest in 1975 by Pope Paul VI while studying in Rome, where he earned a Licentiate in Sacred Scripture at the Pontifical Biblical Institute. He displayed his traditionalist stripes in spades and made significant waves during the little more than three years he served as the No. 2 official in the then-Congregation for Divine Worship during Benedict XVI’s pontificate. The late Bavarian pope appointed him Archbishop of Colombo in 2009 and made him a cardinal a year later. During his nearly 16 years in Colombo, he has distinguished himself as a fierce defender of human rights and has somewhat toned down his traditionalist positions. But becoming pope? Like the man who gave him his red hat, stranger things have happened. So, pray for the cardinal electors and, starting 7 May, keep an eye out for the white smoke!
Republished from UCAnews, 2 May https://johnmenadue.com/post/2025/05/pope-francis-parting-gift-to-the-church-a-messy-conclave/
YOURDEMOCRACY.NET RECORDS HISTORY AS IT SHOULD BE — NOT AS THE WESTERN MEDIA WRONGLY REPORTS IT.
Gus Leonisky POLITICAL CARTOONIST SINCE 1951. RABID ATHEIST.
|
User login |
god's vacuum.....
For a diverse religion with 1.4 billion followers and centuries of history, the Catholic Church left by Pope Francis has a clear identity in the West as a default protest movement in the vacuum left by the retreat of moderate “compassionate” conservatism.
Within hours of Francis’ death, the decade-long attack on his papacy was renewed. MAGA congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene, flung from the far right into the centre by today’s reverse political centrifuge, posted on X: “Evil is being defeated by the hand of God.” Seriously.
Australia’s MAGA-be George Christensen wrote that Francis’ was “one of the most divisive and destructive papacies in modern history”, radically “modern” for statements such as his 2018 interview, when reportedly he said: “There is no hell; sinful souls simply disappear.” Seriously? (The Vatican later claimed the pontiff had been misquoted.)
Francis’ heresies included calling for action to save the planet; for priests to baptise the children of single mothers; for accepting the fact of homosexuality; for calling Christians “hypocrites” if they turn their backs on refugees. He supported innocent victims in Gaza and he called repeatedly for a ceasefire. As for racial inclusivity, see if the church could last five minutes without diversity. The only common ground he held with the ascendant right was his opposition to abortion. One of his last sufferings was to tolerate an Easter visit from J.D. Vance, characteristically resembling an entitled Ivy League student, bristling with ignorance and arrogance, coming back to lecture Europe for failing to follow the shining light of the MAGA faith.
The church had spent centuries fighting rationalism, but those who attack Francis as the “woke Pope” are believers in newer religion, personality cults calling for blind belief in their infallible messiahs. In December, America’s tangerine leader and his prophet Elon Musk attended the re-opening of one of Catholicism’s centres of worship – Notre-Dame de Paris – checking the time before leaving at the earliest possible moment, uncomfortable with any signs of divinity to compete with their own.
As luck had it, I was in Notre-Dame on the last day of Pope Francis’ life, pondering how the world’s Catholics were adapting.
The devout didn’t have far to look to see the world changing around them. Swirling around the solemn 10 o’clock mass was a cyclone of rubber-necking tourists showing that a phone camera knows no icon other than the selfie and that literally nowhere is sacred or safe from becoming a backdrop to an Instagram reel. Then there were the Catholic-adjacent or Catholic-curious, like myself, who came to see the reopened cathedral and hear the organ play and the Gregorian choir sing (Five stars!).
The Pope’s death brings into sharp focus the clash between organised and organic religions: between traditional institutions and the clamour of new dogmas, from consumerism to Trumpism. Popes and bishops no longer command rulers to colonise the globe or fight their protestant neighbours. Even an edifice as awe-inspiring as Notre-Dame, with €700 million of French public money given to its rebuilding after the 2019 fire, is a place where, at its centre, the humble and mournful seek solace and the underdog goes for strength.
The Easter mass message, delivered in Latin and French, was a Francis-inflected encouragement: if you look down on other people, it should only be to help them up. Simplicity and humility are the colours of the protest movement that Francis left behind. This version of religion can’t help but be political when other voices are too scared and intimidated to take up the mantle of opposition. It will long be remembered that the first public figure with the courage to speak truth to Donald Trump was a bishop, Mariann Edgar Budde, the (female, Episcopalian) Bishop of Boston.
In Australia, Anthony Albanese asked for and got a day’s pause from electioneering to pay respect to Francis. It’s easy to forget how suddenly and completely Christian sectarianism vanished from Australian life. For almost two centuries of colonised Christian Australia, sectarianism split communities, political parties, professions, families – everything. For an Italian-heritage Catholic prime minister to uncontroversially stop a campaign to mourn a pope’s death would have been unthinkable. When this changed, almost overnight around 1980, our most important division became one of our least important. It’s inspiring how quickly a society can decide to be better. We should recognise, from time to time, the ways in which the present is a vast improvement on the old days.
As religious belief has declined, fighting for relevance in a secular society has helped the churches. Sadistic and autocratic Catholic priests and nuns, having been stripped of the institutional power that protected them, have given way to individuals practising the key Christian message of humility.
Towers of power have been reduced to quiet, emotional sanctuaries. Even in Notre-Dame, bereft believers are left in peace to pray for their lost. Standing beside me, a woman begged one of France’s highest priests to bless her rosary beads. As cheery as a family grocer, he did so without a second thought. European history has been carved out of the flesh of religious wars. Priests now help the small people pick up the pieces.
My fellow-travelling atheists are quick to dismiss all this as manipulative mumbo jumbo, often with categorical judgmentalism that comes across as, for want of a better word, fundamentalist.
I don’t think you have to believe a word of the Bible, the Koran, the Torah or the Baghavad Gita to respect their potential for good in a world dominated by strongmen cults, manipulating their followers with such powerful pseudo-religious certainties that millions of committed American Christians believe they have elected a man singularly blessed from heaven. Francis was indeed divisive, if standing up for humanity against a weird personality cult is what it means. Only authoritarians see “divisive” as a dirty word.
It was reported this week that among young British people, Catholicism is more popular than Anglicanism for the first time since (presumably) the last Catholic monarchy hundreds of years ago. Pope Francis was doing something right. As a champion of the underdog, the Vatican has helped connect the developed and developing worlds, sewing immigrant communities together more harmoniously than most governments.
You don’t have to be a believer to see that traditional churches have more experience in our most pressing social issues than the manufactured belief systems that are using the very worst mumbo jumbo, inquisitions and tests of faith that modern religions have left behind.
The conclave of cardinals might now emulate art and, like Conclave the movie, elect (spoiler alert) another compassionate champion of the weak, another “woke pope”. Poor George Christensen feels this is inevitable, because Francis “stacked” the conclave “with ideological clones – men who share his vision of a ‘synodal’ Church, pluralistic, progressive and allergic to clarity. The next pope may be even worse”.
In the absence of moderate conservatism, the Vatican has been thrown into a conflict it didn’t ask for: against absolutism. Let’s hope the conclave finds a pope even worse than Francis.
Malcolm Knox is a journalist, an author and a columnist for The Sydney Morning Herald.
https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/the-next-pope-could-be-even-worse-than-francis-let-s-hope-so-20250425-p5lu7m.html
READ FROM TOP.
YOURDEMOCRACY.NET RECORDS HISTORY AS IT SHOULD BE — NOT AS THE WESTERN MEDIA WRONGLY REPORTS IT.
Gus Leonisky
POLITICAL CARTOONIST SINCE 1951.
RABID ATHEIST.
god's move...
There may come a time when we look back on the last decade as an anomaly in the modern history of the Catholic Church. Pope Francis — the figurehead of these years, and a radical by the standards of the Catholic hierarchy — is gone, and we are now likely to see a major shift in the political orientation of the Holy See. Ultimately, and ominously, the death of Francis could well mean that the papacy ends up finding itself aligned with the global far right.
It didn’t have to be this way. Elected in 2013, Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the first Latin American pope in history, brought to the Vatican a concern for social justice rooted in the radical liberation theology of his home region — along with an unprecedented focus on environmental issues and migrants’ rights. This was a dramatic shift in priorities after the conservative pontificates of John Paul II and Benedict XVI, both of whom were more concerned with upholding traditional morality than with reviving basic Christian values of equality and fraternity.
In contrast, Francis dedicated two of his encyclicals — the highest-ranking papal declarations — to explicitly political issues. Laudato si (2015) addressed the environmental crisis, while Fratelli tutti (2020) focused on social justice. The latter famously asserted “the right of every individual to find a place that meets their basic needs” — a sign of Francis’s unwavering support for migrants against the backdrop of rising anti-immigrant sentiment in Europe and the United States. Francis was fairly open in his public disregard for far-right populist leaders like Donald Trump and his fellow Argentinian Javier Milei (Milei responded by calling Francis a “filthy leftist”).
Bergoglio’s papacy also saw a shift in the Church’s attitudes to gender and sexuality, though not nearly to the extent initially expected. His stance on sexuality was considerably more liberal than those of his predecessors — as demonstrated when he responded “Who am I to judge?” when asked about homosexuality in the Church. Francis also angered ultraconservatives when he opened the door to priests blessing “couples in irregular situations” (including same-sex couples) and surprised many by appointing women to key positions in the Vatican government. On the other hand, he upheld Catholic orthodoxy in opposing abortion rights, even in cases of rape. Shockingly, Bergoglio went so far as to call doctors who perform abortions “hitmen.”
When it came to institutional matters, Francis’s record was similarly mixed. From the outset, he aimed to bring order to a Vatican bureaucracy tarnished by the corruption scandals exposed in the “Vatileaks” revelations. He implemented a deep-dive reform of Vatican finances, resulting in the closure of 5,000 suspicious bank accounts, the creation of oversight bodies, and anti–money laundering regulations. However, another leak of compromising documents (“Vatileaks 2”) occurred under his tenure in 2015, and the release of the Panama Papers in 2016 revealed widespread Church investment in tax havens. Decades of Vatican venality would not be overturned overnight.
Yet more serious were the thousands of cases of child sexual abuse committed by priests worldwide, many of which had been deliberately covered up by John Paul II and Benedict XVI. Francis sought to end impunity for the offenders with strong measures, as demonstrated by the dismissal of US cardinal Theodore McCarrick, who was found guilty in 2019 of committing and covering up sexual assaults. Also in 2019, the Vatican held a summit on pedophilia, which established new protocols for reporting abuse. However, a mere five years later, the first report from the Commission for the Protection of Minors revealed serious deficiencies in handling complaints. Such reforms now face an uncertain future under Francis’s successor.
Away from the murky backroom dramas of the Vatican, Francis’s ascension to the papacy also marked a break with the geopolitical orientation of his predecessors, as he aligned the Holy See much more closely with the Global South. While John Paul II had been a staunch ally of Washington in the so-called fight against communism, Francis made sure to distance himself from Western governments on issues such as relations with China, Ukraine, and Palestine.
In 2018, the Holy See signed a controversial agreement with the Chinese government that led to a fierce rebuke from the first Trump administration. Later, when Russia invaded Ukraine, he called the Ukrainian president while also visiting the Russian embassy to discuss his concerns about the conflict — a gesture interpreted in the West as being overly sympathetic to Vladimir Putin. Finally, the pontiff labeled Israel’s massacres of civilians in Gaza “terrorism,” in stark contrast to the silence (or complicity) of most Western governments on the subject.
What happens next, in the wake of Francis’s death, is an open question. The conclave that elects the next pope combines religious pomp with political intrigue (a hallmark of Vatican history). When a pope dies, a sede vacante is declared, triggering the conclave process — a meeting of all vote-eligible cardinals worldwide under eighty years old, which takes place fifteen to twenty days after a pope’s death.
It is a secretive meeting in which cardinals are isolated from the outside world: they have no access to the internet and leave the Sistine Chapel only to eat and sleep at the Casa Santa Marta. The conclave lasts until one cardinal obtains two-thirds of the vote — usually requiring multiple rounds — at which point the famous fumata blanca signals the election of a new pontiff. Recent papal successions have been resolved within two or three days (two votes take place every day).
Between the pope’s death and the start of the conclave are the General Congregations, in which all cardinals discuss the Church’s state of affairs. Most of the political maneuvering to predetermine the voting outcome happens here. This meeting was key to Bergoglio’s election. As Gerard O’Connell recounts in his book on the 2013 conclave, The Election of Pope Francis, the then Archbishop of Buenos Aires gained popularity among prelates for his strong stance on financial transparency — a sensitive issue following the Vatileaks revelations.
It is difficult to predict the outcome of the forthcoming conclave. However, there are strong reasons to believe that Francis’s successor will be a more conservative pope. First, his pontificate has been highly transformative, both institutionally and in its public messaging, making it unlikely that the cardinals will choose another candidate equally inclined toward reform. The Church tends to resist radical and sustained change.
Perhaps more importantly, although the Sistine Chapel has thick walls, the Vatican is invariably influenced by global political trends. With Trump in the White House, and with the far right on the rise worldwide, electing another pope as progressive as Francis would be swimming against the tide — and the Vatican has a long history of adapting to changing realities rather than confronting them. That is why the next fumata blanca will likely announce a more conservative figure than Jorge Bergoglio. Indeed, the mood of the moment suggests that he may well be a stark antithesis to the “leftist” pope.
https://jacobin.com/2025/04/pope-francis-catholic-church-right
READ FROM TOP.
YOURDEMOCRACY.NET RECORDS HISTORY AS IT SHOULD BE — NOT AS THE WESTERN MEDIA WRONGLY REPORTS IT.
Gus Leonisky
POLITICAL CARTOONIST SINCE 1951.
RABID ATHEIST.