HERE WE VISIT A SCIENTIST, PSEUDO-PHILOSOPHER WHO HATES CONSPIRACY THEORISTS... HE IS THE MASTER OF CARTESIAN REASONING, WHILE WE ARE THE DIPLOMED STUDENTS OF DECEIT, WHO CAN SMELL PIGSHIT FROM A MILLION MILES AWAY....

A philosopher explores the many dimensions of a beguilingly simple question.

Why did triceratops have horns? Why did World War I occur? Why does Romeo love Juliet? And, most importantly, why ask why? Through an analysis of these questions and others, philosopher Philippe Huneman describes the different meanings of "why," and how those meanings can, and should (or should not), be conflated.

As Huneman outlines, there are three basic meanings of why: the cause of an event, the reason of a belief, and the reason why I do what I do (the purpose). Each of these meanings, in turn, impacts how we approach knowledge in a wide array of disciplines: science, history, psychology, and metaphysics. Exhibiting a rare combination of conversational ease and intellectual rigor, Huneman teases out the hidden dimensions of questions as seemingly simple as "Why did Mickey Mouse open the refrigerator?" or as seemingly unanswerable as "Why am I me?" In doing so, he provides an extraordinary tour of canonical and contemporary philosophical thought, from Plato and Aristotle, through Descartes and Spinoza, to Elizabeth Anscombe and Ruth Millikan, and beyond.

Of course, no proper reckoning with the question "why?" can afford not to acknowledge its limits, which are the limits, and the ends, of reason itself. Huneman thus concludes with a provocative elaboration of what Kant called the "natural need for metaphysics," the unallayed instinct we have to ask the question even when we know there can be no unequivocal answer.

About the author

Philippe Huneman is Research Director at the Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS/ Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne and the author of several books in French and English, including Philosophical Sketches of Death in Biology: An Historical and Analytic Investigation (2022).

PHILLIPE HUNEMAN HAS BEEN CHALLENGE BY SOMEONE CALLED Ariane Walter ABOUT PHILLIPE’S VIEWS ON CONSPIRACY THEORY… AND PHILLIPEDOES NOT LIKE IT....

HERE HE GOES ON AND ON AND ON — ESPECIALLY ABOUT 9/11: 

Thus, on August 2, in a scathing rebuttal of a text I had published at the kind invitation of the Mediapart editorial staff, blogger Ariane Walter began by referring to Barrett's text as a "relief for all whistleblowers of the Net”... Same story on August 8 in the answer that Will Summer gave me, the author of the post which initially translated Barrett on Mediapart. However, Wood's development dates from July 13!

Doubt is total, credulity too

This is striking: for these hyper-skeptical champions of doubt, the conspiracy theorists, the refutation of a text or an idea in which they believe has absolutely no effect. In other words, the call to always doubt what we are told, often placed by them under the patronage of Descartes or Galileo, goes hand in hand with total credulity for everything that reinforces the articles of faith of the tribe. It is therefore impossible for these to be invalidated by experience or discussion.

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WHAT IS CLEAR OVERALL, AND I COULD BE WRONG, IS THAT PHILLIPE HUNEMAN IS A BELIEVER THAT DECEPTION DOES NOT EXIST AND THAT EVERYTHING IS DONE ACCORDING TO OFFICIALDOM REASON.

WE, ME AND MY PUB MATES WHO LOOSE THE TRIVIA QUIZ EVERY TUESDAYS BECAUSE WE KNOW TOO MUCH ABOUT THE PAST AND BUGGER ALL ABOUT WHO WON THE EUROVISION YESTERDAY — (A NATO SETUP FROM THE 1950s) EXCEPT THAT ISRAEL, THIS FASCIST COUNTRY IS WELCOME THERE — KNOW TOO MUCH ABOUT DECEPTION. THE MASTERS OF CEREMONY CHOOSES QUESTIONS HE KNOWS WE DON'T KNOW THE ANSWER TO.

CONSPIRACY THEORISTS ARE NOT MAD AND OFTEN DEMAND BETTER EXPLANATIONS THAN WHAT THE STATE WANTS US TO KNOW. IN FACT, WE, OLD KOOKS, KNOW THAT THERE HAS BEEN CONSPIRACIES AND LIES DESIGNED TO MAKE US SWALLOW HISTORY WHILE BURYING THE UNDERLYING CONSPIRACIES THAT CREATED MOST EVENTS.

THIS HAS BEEN OUR MAJOR STUDY ON THIS SITE, "The Age of Deceit", IN WHICH WE KNOW WHAT THE AUTHORITIES TELL US IS MAJOR BULLSHITUS BUSHITUS  THIS IN REGARD TO THE WAR ON IRAQ, ON SYRIA, ON LIBYA, ON AFGHANISTAN AND NOW ON UKRAINE, BY THE MOST DECEITFUL NATION ON THE PLANET: THE USA. WE WERE ONTO THEM SINCE THE 1950s. THEY HAVE BEEN RELENTLESSLY DECEITFUL SINCE WE DISCOVERED THE CRIMES…. OUR ONLY DEFENCE, US THE LITTLE GUYS IN OUR DRUNKEN MISERY, IS TO EXPOSE THEM AS CONSPIRACIST, BEYOND THEORY.

BUT THE GOOD OLD PROFESSOR OF HUNEMANICS THINKS THAT CONSPIRACY THEORIST ARE CRACKPOTS, WHILE THE CONSPIRATORS ARE ANGELS OF TRUTH. 

As Huneman outlines, there are three basic meanings of why: the cause of an event, the reason of a belief, and the reason why I do what I do (the purpose)… EXACTLY.

SOMEONE SOMEWHERE DECIDED TO BLOW UP A PIPELINE. (First part of deceit by not telling us they did it). SOMEONE TELLS US WHO DID IT BECAUSE HE KNOWS SOMEONE WHO DID IT (The reason to have a belief in a WELL researched knowledge). BUT THE STATE TRIES HARD TO CREATE A REASON TO BELIEVE SOMETHING ELSE (the deceit — a) ignoring the evidences and b) creating ONE OR MORE false narratives). ONE DOES NOT NEED TO BE A CONSPIRACY THEORIST TO KNOW THERE WAS A CONSPIRACY BY THE STATE.

GUS LEONIKSY

OLD CARTOONIST SINCE 1951

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